Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Practice Exam

What complication is associated with the absence of the ileocecal valve in neonates?

1. Bacterial overgrowth in the small bowel

2. Nutritional deficiencies and cholestasis

3. Watery or fatty diarrhea

4. Malabsorption syndrome

The correct answer is: Bacterial overgrowth in the small bowel

The absence of the ileocecal valve in neonates is particularly linked to the risk of bacterial overgrowth in the small bowel. The ileocecal valve serves as a critical barrier that regulates the flow of contents from the small intestine to the large intestine, as well as preventing the backflow of colonic bacteria into the small intestine. When this valve is absent, there is a disruption in normal gastrointestinal anatomy and function, leading to an environment where bacteria can proliferate uncontrollably in the small bowel. Bacterial overgrowth can result in a number of sequelae, including altered digestion and absorption of nutrients, which can exacerbate gastrointestinal symptoms. The overgrowth of bacteria can ferment undigested food particles, producing gas and potentially leading to complications such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vitamin deficiencies due to impaired absorption. While other options might reflect complications associated with gastrointestinal issues, the specific complications of nutritional deficiencies, diarrhea, and malabsorption syndrome are secondary outcomes of bacterial overgrowth rather than direct results of the absence of the ileocecal valve itself. Thus, the primary concern with the absence of this valve in neonates is the development of bacterial overgrowth in the small bowel.