Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Practice Exam

In a neonate with vertebral anomalies and other malformations, which study is most relevant to consider?

1. Echocardiogram

2. Eye exam

3. Renal ultrasound

4. CT scan

The correct answer is: Renal ultrasound

In a neonate presenting with vertebral anomalies and malformations, a renal ultrasound is particularly relevant due to the significant association between spinal deformities and renal anomalies, often referred to as the "VACTERL" association. This group of congenital defects includes vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiac anomalies, tracheoesophageal fistula, esophageal atresia, renal anomalies, and limb defects. Given the interconnectedness of these structures during embryonic development, a thorough evaluation of renal anatomy is crucial. Renal ultrasounds can help identify issues such as renal agenesis, hydronephrosis, or other structural abnormalities that might affect renal function, which are not uncommon in neonates with vertebral anomalies. Early detection of these conditions can guide management and potential interventions, making the renal ultrasound an essential and pertinent study in the scenario provided. The other imaging options, while useful in different contexts, do not have the same direct correlation with vertebral anomalies. An echocardiogram, while important for assessing potential cardiac malformations, does not specifically address the implications of spinal deformities on renal health. An eye exam may identify ocular issues, but again, those are less likely to be directly related to the spinal anomalies. A CT